Ken Chapman & Assoc.
Phone: (205) 366-0265
Fax: (205) 366-0401
info@leaderscode.com

Close Window
Leadership / Management

Article

Why Leaders Fail
Copyright © All rights reserved
By Ken Chapman, Ph.D.
Ken Chapman & Associates, Inc. 

Leaders who fail usually have no trouble finding external reasons for their 
failure such as economic conditions, discrimination, politics,  or uncooperative employees.
Although these play a part, internal factors are frequently as important.

In my consulting practice, I have observed that powerful unconscious issues affect work just as they do other areas of life. Our interactions are guided by a whole spectrum of beliefs and behavior styles developed over many years. What we learned growing up influences the way we react to challenges in adulthood. Understanding and grappling with these issues can make a significant difference in our leadership performance.

Personality style is one of the major internal factors in leadership performance. Three leadership styles are responsible for the most serious managerial problems:

THE NARCISSISTIC LEADER

Characteristics: Narcissists are drawn to leadership positions by a deep need for power and prestige. They are often highly talented, hard working and charismatic. But feelings of inferiority lead to self-aggrandizement and the need for constant, unconditional affirmation and positive feedback from others. Narcissists also tend to have a low tolerance for frustration.

Consequences: The narcissist inspires people to action, but can't always follow through. By surrounding himself/herself with yes-men-people who idealize him and reflect back exactly what he wants to hear-he is unlikely to anticipate and prepare for potential trouble spots as his ideas are executed. The narcissist's need to be in the spotlight makes it hard for him to build an effective team. He may resent and even sabotage employees whose creativity threatens to overshadow his own.

Most dangerously, the narcissist fails to encourage balance and diversity of opinion. The result can be disastrous, both to him and the organization, as he inspires others to pour resources into implementing his brilliant, but unworkable ideas.

Issues: The narcissist is likely to have grown up in an environment where nothing he did was ever quite good enough. He never developed a strong sense of self-esteem. To mask this sense of inferiority, he has learned to rely on self-aggrandizement and seeks out only those people who will reassure him that he's wonderful.

The narcissist needs to develop a more complete sense of self-­one that is not dependent on others' perceptions or on always being the best. He needs to recognize the value of clear, attainable goals that are reached by gradual steps.
Skills to develop:

  • Share credit. Use the words we rather than I and me.

  • Be generous in giving praise rather than always expecting to receive it.

  • Rather than relying on co-workers for affirmation, explore ways to meet that need outside work. Put time into developing family relationships and satisfying hobbies.

THE AUTHORITARIAN LEADER

Characteristics: The authoritarian personality has an obsession with order, with being right and in control. This type of leader is poorly attuned to the emotional needs of employees. He relies on a competitive, rather than affiliative, model of work relationships.

Consequences: Though corporations and departments do need leaders who will be responsible for themselves and their organization, the authoritarian's excessive need for control can lead to numbing bureaucracy and a rule-bound, by-the-book decision-making environment.

Autonomy and creativity are stifled, which can spell disaster when a crisis arises that requires quick, effective decisions.

The authoritarian leader is unlikely to build loyalty or team spirit among staff. He may appear petty and defensive. Consequently, employees respond with feelings of dislike and by doing the bare minimum required of them.

Issues: Authoritarians learn this style by growing up in families where control and rules are valued. And emotions are ignored or denied. The authoritarian leader must work to become more aware of how he feels, not just what he does . . . and recognize that intellect and emotion can work together.
Skills to develop:

  • Learn to listen carefully, without interrupting or becoming defensive.

  • Practice seeing things from an employee's point of view. You may come across more harshly than you mean to.

  • Welcome criticism instead of rejecting or punishing it. Invite feedback.

  • Share credit for positive results.

THE EMOTIONALLY ISOLATED LEADER

Characteristics: The emotionally isolated leader is so uncomfortable with social interaction that he becomes almost invisible; business is carried out via employees, other managers or committees. This type of leader is so afraid of making a mistake that he'll avoid taking action or making a commitment, which could turn out to be the greatest mistake of all.

Consequences: Employees may form small groups or pairings, seeking the direction and support that is lacking from above. Since each group is likely to have its own agenda, the organization may become fragmented. This is not an environment that fosters lively and productive interaction within a team.

In some cases, a more socially skilled peer or employee will act as a kind of buffer between the leader and the rest of the organization, helping to create a responsive climate for employees. While this may be acceptable, it will rarely yield superior team performance.

Issues: Emotionally isolated leaders lack confidence in their stability to lead or even communicate with others. They are uncomfortable relating to people. Some even dislike people and prefer the world of ideas. Still others are simply shy. Many of them have been high intellectual achievers all their lives but received little modeling or encouragement from their parents in how to get along with peers.
Skills to develop:

  • Read about and take courses in assertiveness training to become more comfortable with collaboration leadership and basic social skills.

  • Learn to see mistakes as a way of finding out what is and isn't effective. Errors can be corrected.

  • Fight inaction by recognizing that there's always more information to be gathered, but that's no reason to postpone action indefinitely.

<end>

 

Close Window

Copyright © . All rights reserved. Ken Chapman & Associates, Inc.
Questions? Visit us online at www.LeadersCode.com ,
email us at info@leaderscode.com, or call us at (205) 366-0265